: Most marriages are arranged by families, though "love marriages" are becoming common in urban areas.

The issue of open defecation, as highlighted by the scenario of an elderly Tamil woman from Kerala, is complex and multifaceted. It involves cultural practices, issues of privacy and dignity, and the broader context of public health and sanitation. Addressing these challenges requires a comprehensive approach that respects cultural norms while promoting health, hygiene, and dignity for all individuals.

While the traditional joint family system—where multiple generations live under one roof—remains prevalent in rural areas, urban centers have seen a massive shift toward nuclear families. Even in nuclear setups, familial bonds remain exceptionally strong, with women maintaining daily contact with extended relatives.