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History suggests that moral circles expand. We once accepted human slavery, child labor, and the disenfranchisement of women. Today, those positions are unthinkable. Is it so improbable that our grandchildren will look back on factory farms the same way we look back on colosseums?
18th Century 1970s 1980s [ Jeremy Bentham ] ------------> [ Peter Singer ] -----------> [ Tom Regan ] Focus: Sentience & Focus: Utilitarianism Focus: Inherent Value Ability to suffer & "Animal Liberation" & Deontology 3d bestiality comics link
Ultimately, the question of "animal welfare and rights" is a mirror. It reflects our capacity for empathy across the chasm of difference. The philosopher Martha Nussbaum wrote that justice for animals requires allowing them to flourish according to their own nature—to live a life of dignity befitting their species. History suggests that moral circles expand
Proclaims that all animals have an equal right to exist within biological equilibrium. Is it so improbable that our grandchildren will
: Focuses on the quality of life of an animal and the minimization of suffering. It generally accepts the human use of animals (for food, research, or companionship) as long as "humane" standards are met.