: Well-being is measured through physical health, the ability to express natural behaviors, and the animal’s affective (emotional) state [15, 16].
What is the for this article? (e.g., pet owners, veterinary students, academic researchers) zooskoolcom extra quality
This separation often led to a misunderstanding of why animals behave the way they do. Behavioral problems were frequently viewed as issues of "disobedience" or poor training rather than indicators of underlying health problems, stress, or unmet biological needs. : Well-being is measured through physical health, the
Veterinary clinics are increasingly diagnosing and treating behavioral pathologies as medical conditions, not training failures. the ability to express natural behaviors